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Europe’s Grand Canyon: Nazaré submarine canyon
Tyler, P.A.; Amaro, T.; Arzola, R.; Cunha, M.R.; de Stigter, H.; Gooday, A.J.; Huvenne, V.; Ingels, J.; Kiriakoulakis, K.; Lastras, G.; Masson, D.; Oliveira, A.; Pattenden, A.; Vanreusel, A.; van Weering, Tj.C.E.; Vitorino, J.; Witte, U.; Wolff, G.A. (2009). Europe’s Grand Canyon: Nazaré submarine canyon. Oceanography 22(1): 46-57
In: Oceanography. Oceanography Society: Washington DC. ISSN 1042-8275
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
    Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee: Open access 145311 [ download pdf ]
Keywords
    Portugal
    Topographic features > Submarine features > Submarine canyons
    ANE, Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone [Marine Regions]
    Marine/Coastal
Authors  Top 
  • Tyler, P.A.
  • Amaro, T.
  • Arzola, R.
  • Cunha, M.R.
  • de Stigter, H.
  • Gooday, A.J.
  • Huvenne, V.
  • Ingels, J.
  • Kiriakoulakis, K.
  • Lastras, G.
  • Masson, D.
  • Oliveira, A.
  • Pattenden, A.
  • Vanreusel, A.
  • van Weering, Tj.C.E.
  • Vitorino, J.
  • Witte, U.
  • Wolff, G.A.
Abstract
    The Nazaré submarine canyon extends ~ 210 km westward from the coast of Portugal down to a water depth of > 4300m. The considerable habitat heterogeneity found throughout the canyon is affected by strong currents and high turbidity, especially in the upper parts of the canyon. The canyon morphology comprises steep slopes, scarps, terraces, and overhangs, and a deeply incised thalweg is found in the lower part of the canyon. The seabed within the canyon is composed of varying proportions of rock and sediments that range from sand to find mud. This great variation in physical environment is reflected by the varied fauna inhabiting the canyon. Diversity tends to decrease with depth, but there is also continual replacement of species with increasing water depth. Certain groups, such as the gorgonians and sea lilies, tend to be found on rocky surfaces, while large protozoans dominate the sediments at 3400-m depth. In addition to describing the fauna of Nazaré Canyon, we discuss experiments undertaken as part of the HERMES project to elucidate the ecosystem function processes operating in the deeper parts of the canyon.
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